Churchill ونستون تشرشل

السير ونستون ليونارد سبنسر تشرشل (30 نوفمبر 1874 - 24 يناير 1965 فيلندن).ولد في قصر بلنهايم في محافظة

 أوكسفوردشاير في إنجلترا. كَانَ رجلَ دولة إنجليزيَ وجندي ومُؤلفَ وخطيب مفوه. يعتبر أحد أهم الزعماءِ في التاريخِ البريطانيِ والعالميِ الحديثِ.

حياته السياسية

شغل ونستون تشرشل منصب رئيس وزراء بريطانيا عام 1940واستمر فية خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية وذلك بعد استقالة تشامبرلين. استطاع رفع معنويات شعبه أثناء الحرب حيث كانت خطاباته إلهاماً عظيماً إلى قوات الحلفاء. كان أول من أشار بعلامة النصر بواسطة الاصبعين السبابة والوسطي. بعد الحرب خسر الانتخابات سنة 1945 وأصبحَ زعيمَ المعارضةِ ثم عاد إلي منصب رئيس الوزراء ثانيةً في 1951 وأخيراً تَقَاعد في1955.

حصل علي جائزة نوبل في الأدب لسنة 1953 للعديد مِنْ مؤلفاته في التأريخ الإنجليزي والعالمي وفي استطلاع لهيئة الإذاعة البريطانية (BBC) سنة 2002 اختير كواحدٍ من أعظم مائة شخصية بريطانية.

Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, PC, DL, FRS, Hon. RA (30 November 1874 – 24 January 1965) was a British Conservative politician and statesmanknown for his leadership of the United Kingdom during World War II. Widely regarded as one of the greatest wartime leaders of the century, he served as Prime Minister twice (1940–45 and 1951–55). A noted statesman and orator, Churchill was also an officer in the British Army, a historian, a writer, and an artist. He is the only British prime ministerto have received the Nobel Prize in Literature, and was the first person to be made anHonorary Citizen of the United States.

Churchill was born into the aristocratic family of the Dukes of Marlborough. His father,Lord Randolph Churchill, was a charismatic politician who served as Chancellor of the Exchequer; his mother, Jenny Jerome, an American socialite. As a young army officer, he saw action in British India, the Sudan, and the Second Boer War. He gained fame as a war correspondent and wrote books about his campaigns.

At the forefront of politics for fifty years, he held many political and cabinet positions. Before the First World War, he served as President of the Board of Trade, Home Secretary, and First Lord of the Admiralty as part of the Asquith Liberal government. During the war, he continued as First Lord of the Admiralty until the disastrous Gallipoli Campaign, which he had sponsored, caused his departure from government.^{[neutrality is disputed]} He then served briefly on the Western Front, commanding the 6th Battalion of the Royal Scots Fusiliers. He returned to government as Minister of Munitions, Secretary of State for War, and Secretary of State for Air. After the War, Churchill served as Chancellor of the Exchequer in the Conservative (Baldwin) government of 1924–29, controversially returning the pound sterling in 1925 to the gold standard at its pre-war parity, a move widely seen as creating deflationary pressure on the UK economy. Also controversial were Churchill's opposition to increased home rule for India and his resistance to the 1936 abdication of Edward VIII.

Out of office and politically "in the wilderness" during the 1930s, Churchill took the lead in warning about Nazi Germany and in campaigning for rearmament. On the outbreak of the Second World War, he was again appointed First Lord of the Admiralty. Following the resignation of Neville Chamberlain on 10 May 1940, Churchill became Prime Minister. His steadfast refusal to consider defeat, surrender, or a compromise peace helped inspire British resistance, especially during the difficult early days of the War when Britain stood alone in its active opposition to Hitler. Churchill was particularly noted for his speeches and radio broadcasts, which helped inspire the British people. He led Britain as Prime Minister until victory over Nazi Germany had been secured.

After the Conservative Party lost the 1945 election, he became Leader of the Opposition. In 1951, he again became Prime Minister, before retiring in 1955. Upon his death, Elizabeth II granted him the honour of a state funeral, which saw one of the largest assemblies of world statesmen in history.^[1] Named the Greatest Briton of all time in a 2002 poll, Churchill is widely regarded as being among the most influential persons in British history.

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